Systems and Methods for Configuring Subscriber Systems in Wireless Mesh Networks

ABSTRACT

A wireless network may be managed by identifying one or more wireless subscriber systems included in a lobe pool of a wireless network, identifying at least one candidate subscriber system outside of the lobe pool with which to enable communications, and reconfiguring the antenna such that the lobe pool includes the identified candidate subscriber system.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priorityof U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/414,434, filed Apr. 15, 2003, andtitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SECTORING ANTENNAS IN A WIRELESSNETWORK”, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.60/372,146, filed on Apr. 15, 2002, and titled “WIRELESS VIRAL MESHNETWORKS.” The disclosures of the prior applications are considered partof (and are incorporated by reference in) the disclosure of thisapplication.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This document relates to wireless networks.

BACKGROUND

The growth of digital networks and the rich content accessible on suchnetworks enables many users from varying environments to communicate andaccess information they never imagined.

SUMMARY

In one general sense, a wireless network may be managed by identifyingone or more wireless subscriber systems included in a lobe pool of awireless network, identifying at least one candidate subscriber systemoutside of the lobe pool with which to enable communications, andreconfiguring the antenna such that the lobe pool includes theidentified candidate subscriber system.

Implementations may include one or more of the following features. Thelobe pool may include an aggregated communications region covered bymore than one wireless device acting collectively.

At least one candidate subscriber system outside of the lobe pool may beidentified by polling subscriber systems within the lobe pool todetermine other potential configurations for the subscriber systems, andidentifying as the candidate subscriber systems subscribers systems thatare leveraged by the potential configurations and outside the lobe pool.

Alternatively, one or more wireless subscriber systems may be identifiedby determining a location for each of several subscriber systems, anddetermining a geographic proximity between the wireless subscribersystems and a wireless base station based on their locations, andidentifying a subset of the wireless subscriber systems as beingincluded in the lobe pool based on their determined geographicproximity. Or, one or more wireless subscriber systems may be identifiedby developing a network profile for each of several subscriber systemsand identifying a subset of the subscriber systems as being included inthe lobe based on their network profiles.

The candidate subscriber system may be identified by determining awireless network configuration that reduces congestion in the wirelessnetwork, and identifying as candidate subscriber systems wirelesssubscriber systems that are leveraged by the wireless networkconfiguration and that are outside the lobe pool.

The antenna may be reconfigured to exclude one or more wirelesssubscriber systems that were included in a lobe pool prior toreconfiguring the antenna. The antenna may be reconfigured mechanicallyor electronically such that the lobe pool includes the identifiedcandidate subscriber system. The antenna also may be reconfigured bytransmitting a stronger signal to reach additional subscriber systemsthat are located a distance from the antenna that is greater than afarthest subscriber system that is both included in the lobe pool andoriented with respect to the antenna in a direction defined by an axisbetween the antenna and the candidate subscriber system.

The antenna may be reconfigured by activating a new antenna such thatthe lobe pool is expanded to include an aggregated communications regioncovered by at least the antenna and the new antenna, or by reorientingan alternative antenna that is serving an alternative lobe pool toaddress a variation, thereby transferring one or more subscriber systemsin the lobe pool to the alternative lobe pool. Transferring thesubscriber systems may include configuring the transferred wirelesssubscriber systems to join the alternative lobe pool.

The operations of identifying one or more wireless subscriber systems,identifying at least one candidate subscriber system, and reconfiguringthe antenna may be performed in a centralized manner on a centralizedfirst device that generates configuration information and transmits theconfiguration information to a device used to reconfigure the antenna;or they may be performed in a distributed manner on multiple subscribersystems, where one or more of the subscriber systems transmit updates toa base station to reorient the antenna; or they may be performed on awireless base station and/or on the identified candidate subscribersystem. Transmitting the configuration information to a second devicemay include transmitting the configuration information to the wirelesssubscriber systems, which may include the identified candidatesubscriber system.

In another general sense, a wireless network may be managed byidentifying subscriber systems for which a directional antenna iscapable of enabling communications, and identifying a subset of thesubscriber systems. The subset may include subscriber systems includedin a current lobe pool of the directional antenna for whichcommunications are enabled when the subset is identified. At least onecandidate subscriber system may be identified for which communicationsare desired, the candidate subscriber system being among the subscribersystems for which the directional antenna is capable of enablingcommunications and outside the subset of subscriber systems included inthe lobe pool of the directional antenna when the subset is identified.The directional antenna may be reoriented to include the candidatesubscriber system in the lobe pool.

These and other aspects may be implemented by a system and/or by acomputer program stored on a computer readable medium such as a disc, aclient device, a host device and/or a propagated signal. The system mayinclude a wireless subscriber system, a wireless controller, a wirelessbase station, or an identified candidate subscriber system.

As such, details of one or more implementations are set forth in theaccompanying drawings and the description below. Other features will beapparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary communications system in whicha subscriber system uses a wireless network to access a host.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a subscriber system.

FIG. 3 illustrates a bandwidth allocation scheme enabling multiplesubscriber systems to access a wireless network.

FIG. 3A illustrates a communications system where a subscriber system isconfigured to act as a relay so that another subscriber system mayaccess a base station using the relay.

FIG. 3B illustrates an exemplary process by which a subscriber systemuses multiple lobes to act as a relay for other subscriber systems.

FIG. 4 illustrates a subscriber system that may selectively participatein one of several networks based on the state of the wireless network.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process by which asubscriber system may respond to congestion in a wireless network.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a process by which a wirelessnetwork may be managed.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating a process by which a subscribersystem mayjoin and participate in a wireless network.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A wireless network may include multiple subscriber systems and basestations. The subscriber systems may be configured such that onesubscriber system may use one or more other subscriber systems to reacha destination or intermediary base station. Depending on the state ofthe wireless network, the operating environment, and the configurationof the subscriber systems and base stations, the wireless network may bereconfigured to accommodate the changing state of the wireless network.

In one example, in response to increased network congestion generated bysubscriber activity, the wireless network may be reconfigured byaccessing additional or less congested paths to enable the wirelessnetworks to reach a base station or regional gateway (e.g., a wirelessbase station operated by a service provider).

In another example, reconfiguration may occur in response to changingmeteorological conditions that affect the wireless transmission media.For instance, a thunderstorm may create a lossy environment that reducesthe transmission range of participating systems. Wireless networkreconfiguration may enable accommodation of an increased subscriberdensity as each lobe is smaller, creating less interference with othersystems while requiring more relays as some lobes may not be able toaccommodate subscriber systems that are now beyond their range.

The wireless network may be reconfigured in a variety of manners. In oneexample, the lobes of participating systems (e.g., subscriber systemsand base stations) may be redirected, for example, in differentdirections. Alternatively, or in addition to directionally changing thesubscriber system, a lobe's amplitude may be attenuated, that is,increased or decreased. A subscriber system may be configured to act asa relay for other subscriber systems. A subscriber system may elect tostop participating in one network and begin to participate in anothernetwork. This may be done by activating another antenna or redirectingan existing lobe. The wireless network also may reconfigurecommunications parameters within a channel or network. For example,bandwidth may be reallocated or reprioritized.

Before describing particular examples using FIGS. 1-7, the operations ofa wireless network are briefly described using an illustrative andsimplified network having one base station initially supporting twosubscriber systems. For purposes of this illustration, the wireless basestation supports the two subscriber systems in a lobe that has 100kilobits/second of capacity, the wireless base stationordinarily/initially being configured to reserve 10 kilobits/second foradministrative requirements and to divide the remaining bandwidth amongthe supported subscriber systems such that each has 45 kilobits/secondof bandwidth available.

In keeping with the illustration, it is assumed that a thunderstormmoves into the area or some other event occurs to adversely affect thewireless network and reduce the available bandwidth from 100kilobits/second to 50 kilobits/second. In response, the wireless basestation changes its bandwidth allocation. For instance, it may apportionthe decrease in bandwidth to each or selected of the current channels,evenly or disproportionately, may reduce the administrative channel from10 kilobits/second to 5 kilobits/second and the user channels from 45kilobits/second to 22.5 kilobits/second. As the thunderstorm leaves thearea (or the other event is resolved) and the quality of thetransmission medium improves gradually or abruptly, so too may thebandwidth be increased or otherwise returned to its ordinary levels,gradually or abruptly as appropriate.

As or after the wireless network returns to its normal 100kilobit/second capacity, another event may occur that requires thechannel to be reconfigured. For example, when a third subscriber systemjoins the wireless network, the two 45-kilobit channels may bereallocated into three 30-kilobit channels. If the third subscribersystem was requesting delay-sensitive media (e.g., a live broadcast),the channels may be further reallocated to accommodate the increaseddemand by delaying particular time insensitive or less urgenttransmissions from the first or second subscriber system or by reducingthe bandwidth allocated to first or second subscriber system altogether,for example, to 10 kilobits per second.

As the requirements of the third subscriber system increase or lastbeyond a specified length, the first, second, or third subscriber systemmay elect to reconfigure its lobe to cease participating in theillustrated network and join another network. The other network mayenjoy greater capacity than the first network. And, in one example, theother network may be accessed through/via another subscriber system thatacts as a relay to access a different lobe of the same base station.Thereafter, as the state of the wireless network changes, thereconfigured subscriber system may rejoin the example network.

Referring to FIG. 1, a wireless network 100 is shown. The wirelessnetwork 100 enables access between a subscriber system 110 and the host130 through a wireless base station 120. Specifically, the subscribersystem 110 may use a wireless network 115 that interfaces with awireless base station 120 to access the host 130 (e.g., an electronicmail server).

The subscriber system 110 may include one or more devices capable ofaccessing content on the host 130. The subscriber system 110 may includea controller (not independently shown) that processes instructionsreceived from or generated by a software application, a program, a pieceof code, a device, a computer, a computer system, or a combinationthereof, which independently or collectively direct operations of thesubscriber system 110. The instructions may be embodied permanently ortemporarily in any type of machine, component, equipment, storagemedium, or propagated signal that is capable of being delivered to thesubscriber system 110 or that may reside with the controller atsubscriber system 110. The subscriber system 110 may include a clientsystem, such as a wireless phone 110A, a PDA 110B, or a workstation (notshown). In addition, subscribe system 110 may include a hub 110C thatprovides the client system with access to the wireless network 115. Inone example, the hub 110C includes a set top box or home networkingdevice that aggregates network connections within a home. The set topbox then may interface with a wireless system and antenna (perhapsresiding in a different location) to interface with the wireless network115.

The subscriber system 110 may include one or more information retrievalsoftware applications (e.g., a browser, a mail application, an instantmessaging client, an Internet service provider client, or anotherintegrated client) capable of receiving one or more data units. Theinformation retrieval software applications may run on a general-purposeoperating system and a hardware platform that includes a general-purposeprocessor and specialized hardware for graphics, communications and/orother capabilities. The subscriber system 110 also or alternatively mayinclude a wireless telephone running a micro-browser application on areduced operating system with general purpose and specialized hardwarecapable of operating in mobile environments.

The subscriber system 110 may run one or more applications or codesegments enabling communications with/over the wireless network 115. Forexample, the subscriber system 110 may run one code segment thatmonitors the state of the communications medium to detect changingatmospheric conditions that may adversely affect the communicationscapability of the subscriber system 110, which state information mediummay be used to reduce congestion by reconfiguring the wireless network.In another example, the subscriber system 110 may be running routingsoftware that maintains the wireless network topology so that thewireless network may access a path, link, or channel to exchangeinformation.

The subscriber system 110 may be distributed across multiple devices.For example, the subscriber system 110 may reside in a wirelesscontroller, a modem, and a personal computer.

Wireless network 115 includes one or more access systems/techniques thatdo not require a fixed transmission medium, such as a cable or a wire toexchange information. For example, the wireless network 115 may exchangemessages in a specified portion of the spectrum (e.g., 2.5 or 5 Ghz)using a specified format (e.g., 802.11(b)). The wireless network 115 mayuse free space (e.g., the atmosphere) to exchange information betweenparticipating communications systems. Furthermore, the wireless network115 may use free space that forms a channel. For example, the wirelessnetwork 115 may take advantage of transmission channels that existbetween boundaries of the atmosphere (e.g., tropospheric or atmosphericscatter-based communications).

The wireless network 115 may be described by one or more transmissionparameters that describe the quality or nature of communications throughthe medium. The wireless network 115 may be described in relation to theloss of the medium, the bandwidth and the frequency used, thecommunications range/distance, and/or the electromagnetic profile orlobe for participating systems.

The wireless network 115 may use multiple communications formats orfrequencies. For example, a wireless network may participate in both802.11(a) and 802.11(b) networks.

Subscriber systems in the wireless network 115 typically use an antennato participate in the wireless network. The antenna has an associatedarea of coverage. This area of coverage may represent an area withinwhich other devices may be located in order to use the antenna to sendand/or receive communications with a subscriber system of interest.Depending on the configuration of the antenna and subscriber system, thelobe may differ with respect to varying parameters including its area,shape, and/or range.

When multiple subscriber systems participate collectively in a wirelessnetwork, the collective areas that may exchange information in thewireless network may be referred to as a lobe pool. Generally, the lobepool represents the aggregation of lobes established by/for theindividual subscriber systems. Thus, the lobe of a new wirelesscommunication or subscriber system that joins the wireless networkcontributes to the lobe pool of the wireless network, and the lobe of asubscriber system removed from the wireless network no longercontributes to the lobe pool of the wireless network. Joining the lobepool may be performed by relocating the new device so that it resides inthe lobe pool, reconfiguring the lobe pool by reorienting an antenna ofan existing subscriber system in the lobe pool to reach the newsubscriber system, and/or enabling a lobe of the new subscriber to reachother subscriber systems in the lobe pool. Although the lobe pool hasbeen described in the context of wireless subscriber systems, a basestation and its lobes also may form part of the lobe pool.

The configuration and/or size of the lobe pool may be regulated so thatperformance is not adversely affected as the wireless network changes.For example, as the size of the lobe pool grows, the demand onsubscriber systems also may grow and impact the ability of thesubscriber systems to participate in the lobe pool. The lobe pool may bereconfigured as the size, population, and/or network changes to maintainthe lobe pool in a desired operating range.

Wireless base station 120 enables one or more subscriber systems tointerface with one or more hosts 130 through the wireless network 115.The wireless base station 120 may access the host 130 using a landlinenetwork 125A that may or may not share software and componentry withwireless network 125B. Generally, the landline network 125A describes atransmission medium and format that uses a fixed physicalinfrastructure. For example, the landline network 125A may include anATM (“Asynchronous Transfer Mode”) WAN (“Wide Area Network”) operatedover a fiber optic cable plant. The landline network 125A also mayinclude, but is not limited to, telephone-based circuits (e.g., a T-1, aDS-3), ISDN (“Integrated Services Digital Networks”), or Ethernetprotocols tied to fixed infrastructure (e.g., 100 Base T for Ethernet at100 Mbps over copper cables).

Alternatively, the wireless base station 120 may access the host 130using a combination of a wireless network 125B and a landline network125A. For example, a first wireless base station 120 may use a secondwireless base station as a relay to access landline networks leading toa host 130.

The wireless base station 120 may include one or more directionalantennas to enable the wireless base station to sectorize differentlobes to allocate an appropriate amount of bandwidth to subscribersystem 110. For example, a wireless base station 120 may use nine (9)antennas, each with 45 degrees of coverage from the wireless basestation 120.

A greater or lesser number of antennas may be used to sectorize acomplete region (e.g., 360 degrees) with different sized lobes (e.g.,ten (10) antennas, at 36 degrees each). Furthermore, a region may bepartially sectorized (e.g., 270 degrees of interest) within a region, orthere may be different sectorizations for different sub regions within aregion of interest (e.g., a 180 degree sub region with dense subscriberpopulation may be sectorized with smaller lobes than 180 degree subregion corresponding to sparse subscribe population).

To illustrate, a base station may include five (5) antennas that maycollectively support five (5) different lobes. For each antenna, thedirection of focus may be controlled so that the antenna's lobe isoriented to serve a desired subscriber system community. Thus, if thebase station were situated on the boundary of a region between a densesubscriber population and a sparse subscriber population, the basestation may use less than all of the five (5) antennas to support thesparse subscriber population for a subset of the 360 degrees of the basestation, and the remaining portion of the 360 degrees may be apportionedappropriately among the remaining number or less than the remainingnumber of antennas. More particularly, by way of example, if one antennawere configured to cover the sparsely populated region over 160 degrees,the other remaining four (4) antennas may be assigned to supportsmaller, more densely populated subscriber regions, with each of thelobes supporting 50 degrees/antenna or different allocations. In thisexample, the remaining 200 degrees also may have been apportioned amongfewer than the remaining four (4) antennas, enabling focus of gain amongother things.

Sectorization may allow different subscriber systems 110 to operate inthe same frequency without interference (e.g., contending for the samebandwidth) if different lobes are provided at the wireless base station120. Sectorization also may be useful in increasing the range of awireless base station 120.

For example, instead of distributing the electromagnetic energy across awide arc, the electromagnetic energy could be focused into a narrowerregion of interest. Focusing the lobes may allow more lobes to becollocated in the same general area.

Host 130 may include one or more devices structured and arranged toprovide services and/or data to clients (e.g., subscriber system 110).One example of a host 130 is a general-purpose computer (e.g., a server)capable of responding to and executing instructions in a defined manner.Other examples include a personal computer, a special-purpose computer,a workstation, a device, a component, other equipment, or somecombination thereof capable of responding to and executing instructions.The host 130 may include and/or form part of an information deliverynetwork, such as, for example, the Internet, the World Wide Web, anonline service provider, and/or any other analog or digital wired and/orwireless network that provides information. Such information deliverynetworks may support a variety of online services, including Internetand/or web access, e-mail, instant messaging, paging, chat, interestgroups, audio and/or video streaming, and/or directory services.

The host 130 may receive instructions from a software application, aprogram, a piece of code, a device, a computer, a computer system, or acombination thereof that independently or collectively directsoperations of the node. The instructions may be embodied permanently ortemporarily in any type of machine, component, equipment, storagemedium, or propagated signal that is capable of being delivered to thehost 130.

Referring to FIG. 2, a block diagram of a subscriber system 210 isshown. Generally, aspects of the subscriber system 210 correspond toaspects of the subscriber system 110 shown in FIG. 1. The subscribersystem 210 includes an antenna 210A, a wireless controller 210B, anetwork controller 210C, a buffer 210D, a state table 210F, and aprocessor 210F. In general, the subscriber system 210 uses the wirelesscontroller 210B, the network controller 210C and/or the processor 210Fto interface with a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 115 in FIG.1), enabling it to respond to changing network conditions so thatresources may be efficiently allocated.

More particularly, antenna 210A is configured and may include relatedcircuitry to enable the subscriber system 210 to transmit and receiveelectromagnetic signals in a specified portion of the RF (RadioFrequency) spectrum, for instance, the 2.5 Ghz spectrum used by the802.11b protocol and/or the 5 Ghz spectrum used by the 802.11a protocol.The antenna 210A may include an omnidirectional (e.g., a uniform lobe)configuration with uniform gain in all directions, or alternatively, anon-uniform lobe, such as an array.

The related circuitry may include DSPs (Digital Signal Processors) thatreduce noise and intelligently filter received signals. The relatedcircuitry also may include one or more tuning circuits which may bemodulated or multiplexed with a data signal to send or receive data.

The modulating circuits may combine an information signal with a carriersignal around which the transmitted wireless signal is based. Dependingon the wireless protocol or format that is used, the information may bedistributed in varying manners around the carrier signal. For example,the spectrum used by a FSK-based (Frequency Shift Keying-based) systemmay vary with the particular data being transmitted.

The antenna 210A may use one or more configurations to providedirectional gain. By providing an antenna with directional gain, thatis, a lobe with a higher gain in some directions than others, a networkof subscribing systems 210 may coordinate synchronization of lobes. Forexample, in a network with a high density of subscriber systems 210, thelobes may be adjusted to minimize interference. A wireless networkcontroller may identify which subscriber systems would be affected by aparticular antenna orientation/configuration. The antenna's lobe thenmay be attenuated to support the desired subscriber system whilesubscriber systems designated to be outside of the lobe (or lobe pool)would be beyond the range or orientation of the lobe's configuration.

The lobe configuration may be configured relative to the configurationof the other lobes in the wireless network. For example, upondetermining that the configuration of a lobe would affect a neighboringlobe, both lobes may be reconfigured to better distribute the relativebandwidth demand. A demanding user may be moved from a first lobe to asecond lobe.

The lobes may be synchronized in a variety of manners. In one example, alobe may be adjusted until other wireless systems (e.g., a base stationor a subscriber system) are impacted by the adjustment. Upon reachingthe impact threshold, the wireless system may “fall back” slightly untilthe reconfiguration no longer impacts the other wireless systems. Theimpact threshold may be defined such that only a severe or adverseimpact forces the lobe to fall back.

The lobes may be synchronized by creating a topology of lobes andcoordinating the configuration of the lobes. For example, a map may becreated that includes the base station, the subscriber systems, and thelobes of the base stations and/or subscriber systems. The map then maybe analyzed to identify congested regions. Systems associated with thecongested regions then may be reconfigured to minimize the congestion.For example, a congested lobe may be reconfigured into smaller,less-congested nodes.

In one case, a first subscriber system may be structured and arranged toadjust its lobe and connect to a different wireless base station toavoid contending for bandwidth with other subscribing systems. Inanother example, two or more subscribing systems may synchronize theirlobes so that a first subscribing system may act as a relay for thesecond subscribing system to reach a wireless base station.

The antenna 210A may be electronically tunable, with directional gainthat may be controlled by altering the phase.

Additionally or alternatively, the antenna 210A may be mechanicallytunable, such that the lobe orientation may be changed mechanically. Forexample, the antenna 210A may be coupled to a motor that changes itsphysical direction.

In yet another alternative, the antenna 210A may include two or moreindependent yet cooperative antennas oriented in different directions.The wireless controller 210B may selectively activate or focus or focusupon one or more of the several antennas to establish connections asrequired. For example, where the subscriber system acts as a relay, oneantenna/lobe may be directed to the wireless base station while anotherantenna may be directed to subscriber systems acting as relays.

Configured as described, the antenna 210A may itself act as a relay forsubscriber systems.

The wireless controller 210B may include a processor that enables thesubscriber system 210 to use the antenna 210A to communicate with otherdevices. In general, the wireless controller 210B manages the wirelessinterface and may change the wireless mode and operation in response tochanging wireless and network conditions. For example, if the wirelesscontroller 210B detects that one network ‘path’ (e.g., one of theantenna's available lobes) is experiencing noise and/or transmissiondifficulties, the wireless controller 210B may reconfigure the antenna210A to alter the lobe so that a different path may be used tocommunicate.

The wireless controller 210B may use CSMA/CD (“Carrier Sense MultipleAccess/Collision Detect”) (e.g., Ethernet) techniques, schedulingschemes, TDMA (“Time Division Multiple Access”) techniques, CDMA (“CodeDivision Multiple Access”) techniques and/or token passing schemes toallocate bandwidth. Generally, a CSMA/CD system operates so that onedevice may transmit when no other devices are transmitting. Inscheduling schemes, the nodes negotiate for a designated channel in thespectrum. In CDMA, a code-modulating scheme is used to specify whichfrequencies are presently unavailable (e.g., currently used fortransmission), while in a token passing scheme, the nodes negotiate forthe token. When a node has the token, the node then may transmit.

The network controller 210C is structured and arranged to control theinterface to the wireless network 115. Typically, controlling thenetwork interface involves monitoring the state of a connection, link,path, and/or network so that the subscriber system 210 may dynamicallyrespond to network conditions and events. Controlling the networkinterface also generally involves responding to or acting upon monitoredconditions in an attempt to improve the performance of one or moresubscriber systems 210. For example, the subscriber system 210 may beinvolved in downloading a large file. Depending on the nature of thefile, the network controller 210C may control the download to compensatefor the network conditions and take advantage of download requirementsto optimize the performance for the wireless network. More particularly,if the download is a VOD (Video-on-demand) file, the network controller210C may interface with the wireless base station and other subscribersystems so that the subscriber system 210 receives guaranteedperformance and/or increased bandwidth. In another example, if thedownloaded file is non-critical or not time-sensitive, the networkcontroller may interface with the wireless base station and/or othersubscriber systems so that other transmissions may receive priorityrelative to the non-critical download.

Although the wireless controller 210B and the network controller 210Care described separately, implementations may include situations whereeither or both controllers provide information to enable coordinatedcommunications. For example, the wireless controller 210B may exchangestate information relating to RF transmission patterns, noise,interference, signal strength, and the presence of other devices withthe network controller 210C to determine how to route the data.Similarly, the network controller 210C may provide transmissionrequirements to the wireless controller 210B to interface with thewireless base station 120 to allocate more bandwidth.

The buffer 210D may include memory that stores data for transmission orreceipt. For example, if the subscriber system 210 is acting as a relayfor other subscriber systems, its buffer 210D may store bufferinformation received from one subscriber system received on one channel,and then may transmit the stored information on a second channel to thewireless base station 120 to effect redirection of that information as arelay.

The state table 210E may include memory that tracks the state of otherdevices participating in the wireless network 100. In oneimplementation, the subscriber system 210 periodically polls otherdevices in the wireless network 100 for availability. For example, thesubscriber system may periodically ping (“packet Internet gopher”) otherdevices in the same network. The response times may be used to gauge thequality of the wireless network 100 and/or channel as well as the stateof the connection between two nodes in the wireless network 100. Forexample, in a set of four (4) pings from a first node to a second node,two (2) of the requests may be dropped while the other two (2) requestsmay receive a response in four (4) ms, indicating that the first andsecond nodes might be close geographically (hence the four (4) msresponse), but that congestion is preventing the other nodes fromresponding (hence, the dropped response).

The state table 210E may be updated using other operations. For example,the subscriber systems may send periodic updates to a managementstation. These updates then may be correlated to describe the state ofthe wireless network. For example, if the updates include a trafficutilization metric, the updates may be used to identify which portion ofthe wireless network is experiencing congestion. This congestion may belocalized to a particular subscriber system, condition, event, or lobepool. The state table 210E then may be used to prepare the response tothe source of the congestion or interruption.

The state table may be associated with a central managementconfiguration, a distributed configuration, or a hybrid configuration. Acentral management configuration describes a wireless networkconfiguration where updates and information may be collected by amanagement agent. The management agent then may task, distribute, orreconfigure other systems accordingly. In a distributed configuration,each participating subscriber system is configured to determine aconfiguration for itself and act accordingly. For example, a subscribersystem may be configured to exchange information with other subscribersystems. The subscriber system then may use the exchanged information tostructure communications.

A distributed configuration describes a state table 210E that mayprovide some hierarchical collection and also enables the subscribersystems to decide a range of activities for themselves. In one exampleof a hybrid configuration, the state table 210E may be built on acentral management system. The configuration then may be “pushed” to thesubscriber systems (or a base station) so that the subscriber system maymake local decisions based on localized events. In one example, thecentral management system may provide a “master configuration” andenable the subscriber system to operate within an identified range. Forexample, the subscriber system may be allowed to transmit a maximum of 1Mbps unless the subscriber system is acting as a relay, in which casethe subscriber system may transmit at 4 Mbps.

The state table 210E also may be used to maintain a topology of thewireless network 100, or a sub portion thereof. For example, acollection of subscriber systems 210 and base stations 120 may berunning a routing protocol with updates to determine how a subscribersystem 210 should communicate with one or more exterior gateways (e.g.,an Internet access point). This routing protocol may include bothnetworking and wireless access considerations. For example, if two pathsform an equal cost, but one of the nodes is a subscriber system 210,while the other system is a base station 120, the wireless base station120 may be ‘preferred’, all other things equal.

The processor 210F may be structured and arranged to integrate one ormore functions across the subscriber system 210. Additionally, theprocessor 210F typically may enable one or more other applications. Forexample, the subscriber system 210 may include a set top box used by aconsumer for Internet access on a television. The set top box mayinclude the functions described above to access a wireless network 100,in addition to programs for instant messaging, electronic mail, and Webbrowsing. The set top box also may serve as a residential gateway. Inone such implementation, the set top box may enable other computers toaccess the set top box as a relay for broadband access. In anotherexample, home appliances may access the set top box to enhance homeautomation. Furthermore, the set top box may use the wireless network100 that is accessed to provide cable or other functionality. Forexample, the wireless base station may use multicasts to provideservices resembling satellite or cable television.

Although the processor 210F is shown as being distinct from the networkcontroller 210C, aspects of the processor 210F and the networkcontroller 210B may be shared. For example, aspects of the networkcontroller 210C may be implemented in specialized hardware (e.g., ASICs(Application Specific Integrated Circuit)) to perform frame and packetprocessing, while a general-purpose processor 210F provides access touser applications (e.g., email) and also calculating routing updates.

Referring to FIG. 3, a scheduling scheme 300 illustrates how three nodes(e.g., subscriber systems such as those shown at reference numerals 110and 210 and described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2) in a network maycommunicate over a single lobe in a coordinated manner according to oneexemplary scheduling scheme.

Using the bandwidth allocated to the control portion 310, the devicesexchange state information that will enable a determination of the stateof communications or network capacity/health, and thus govern allocationof bandwidth within at least the data exchange portion 320. For example,using the control portion 310, other devices may be pinged to determinenetwork responsiveness. In another example, the subscriber systems maysend rating updates (e.g., an OSPF (“Open Shortest Path First”) Hello).In yet another example, the subscriber systems may negotiate with awireless base station controller for bandwidth guarantees.

As is shown the FIG. 3 example, the data exchange portion 320 is dividedinto three channels, 322, 324 and 326. Each of the nodes receives itsown channel. As is represented by channel 326, device C receivesprioritization and is allowed more bandwidth than nodes A or B, as isindicated by the longer time that is allowed for transmission. In thismanner, devices may be scheduled to transmit so that they do notinterfere with each other.

Referring to FIG. 3A, a communications system 300A illustrates how asubscriber system may act as a relay for another or multiple othersubscriber systems. Specifically, the lobes for subscriber systems 310A,310A′, and 310A″ may be used to enable subscriber system 310A″ to accessbase station 320A through subscriber system 310A′.

In FIG. 3A, the subscriber system 310A′ includes two lobes. The twolobes may result from using a bipolar antenna, whose lobes may beadjusted. Alternatively, subscriber system 310A′ may include multipleantennas and/or receiving systems, tuned or directed as described withrespect to FIGS. 1 and 2.

One of the two lobes for subscriber system 310A′ acts as a relay forsubscriber system 310A″. For example, subscriber system 310A″ may beunable to directly communicate with the wireless base station 320A.However, if the subscriber system 310A′ acts as a relay, the subscribersystem 310A″ may use the subscriber system 310A′ to access the wirelessbase station 320A.

Referring to FIG. 3B, the lobes of three subscriber systems are shown.Generally, FIG. 3B relates to the FIG. 3A in that both FIGS. 3A and 3Billustrate the how a subscriber system's lobes may be orientated.However, FIG. 3B illustrates how the range of a subscriber system maylimit which other subscriber systems the subscriber system willcommunicate. The limit on range may lead to one subscriber system actingas a relay for the other subscriber system. The lobes of subscribersystem 310A are oriented so that its energy is directed toward anintended destination or intermediary to an intended destination, forexample, a wireless base station (not shown) or intermediary relay.Depending on the distances, protocols, signal strengths, and frequency,when the lobe of subscriber system 310A does not cover subscriber system310A′, subscriber system 310A may not be able to directly communicatewith any subscriber system 310A′. Instead, the two devices might need tocommunicate through a wireless base station. In another example,subscriber system 310A may directly receive communications fromsubscriber system 310A′, but may nevertheless require transmissionsdirected to subscriber system 310A to be routed through a base station.

Even when a subscriber system directly communicates with the basestation, the subscriber system may maintain ongoing communications withthe base station. A subscriber system may be asked to act as a relay forother subscriber systems. In another example, information from thesubscriber system may be used to update the state table that is used tomange the wireless network (e.g., in centrally-managed, distributed orhybrid configurations). Furthermore, traffic utilization information maybe used to reorient an antenna or configure lobe pools to segmentcongested lobe pools.

The wireless network may maintain an asynchronous configuration. Stateddifferently, some subscriber systems may have more detailed informationdescribing the state of the wireless network. For example, as is shownin FIG. 3B, the subscriber system 310A″ may not be aware of the basestation 320A or the subscriber system 310A, while the subscriber system310A′ may be aware of both of these systems. Notwithstanding thedifferences in knowledge and whether the subscriber system has“discovered” the other subscriber systems, the subscribers systems maystill participate in the wireless network.

In one implementation, the subscriber system 310A′ may act as a proxy infiltering wireless state information to other subscriber systems. Thesubscriber system 310A′ may filter topology information to thesubscriber system 310A″ so that the routing topology does not growlarger in size. Similarly, the subscriber system 310A′ also may or maynot advertise the existence of the subscriber system 310A″ to otherdevices in the wireless network, or the subscriber system 310A′ mayadvertise that it is a relay for other subscriber systems withoutidentifying the particular subscriber systems that are supported.

Because of the asynchronous matrix/grid system in which nodes maydiscover other nodes, subscriber systems in the lobes of other systemsmay use this knowledge to better communicate. For example, if subscribersystem 310A knows when subscriber system 310A′ is transmitting becausesubscriber system 310A lies within the lobe subscriber system 310A′,subscriber system 310A may elect to transmit during time allotted forsubscriber system 30A′. Through this capability, the network may beoperated more efficiently.

More specifically, the subscriber system may transmit a bandwidthrequest or requirement to the base station. The base station (or anothersystem managing the configuration of the wireless network) may receivethe request and allocate bandwidth in response. For example, a firstsubscriber system may be associated with a premium service and thetraffic from the first subscriber system may take precedence over othercommunications from other subscriber systems. The premium identifier mayrelate to the nature of the traffic that is being transmitted (e.g.,time sensitive real-time video) or the premium identifier may relate tothe status of the operator of the subscriber system, for example, apreferred customer. Another example of a prioritized subscriber systemmay include a subscriber system acting as a relay for other subscribersystems.

Guaranteeing or reserving bandwidth also may be allocated based on theorder in which the request was received. For example, the requirementsof the first subscriber system to request reserve bandwidth may bepreserved over the bandwidth requirements of requests that are receivedlater. Another bandwidth management scheme may use a relative prioritysystem where a user that requests prioritized bandwidth may receive thereserved or prioritized bandwidth until their timer expires. Upon theexpiration of the timer, another user may receive the prioritizeddesignation or reserved bandwidth. Referring to FIG. 4, a wirelesstopology 400 is shown for a wireless network such as that shown byFIG. 1. The topology 400 includes base stations 420A and 420B thatexchange information with subscribers, 410A, 410A′ and 410A″, 410B and410B′. As is shown, base station 420A supports subscribers 410A, 410A′and 410A″ in a network A, while base station 420B supports subscribers410B, and 410B′ in a network B, which may be physically or logicallydistinct from network A. As shown, node 410A″ is within range of basestation 420A″ and base station 420B. However, it is initially configuredto communicate within network A rather than network B. Thus, even thoughsubscribers 410B′ and 410A″ may be located in close proximity to oneanother, through the use of sectorization, both subscribers are able totransmit simultaneously using the same frequency, as long as theycommunicate using non-overlapping nodes or using other bandwidthallocation techniques (e.g., CDMA, TDMA).

Subscriber 410A″ may participate in either network A or B. As is shownin FIG. 4, subscriber 410A″ is initially configured to communicate overnetwork A, through the orientation of its lobe to participate in networkA, which reduces interference with network B. However, if network Aexperiences difficulties (e.g., an outage or congestion through highutilization or if network B subscribers have a communication need),subscriber 410A″ could communicate over network B. One example ofnetwork B subscribers having a communications need is a subscribersystem in network B transmitting data to a subscriber system in networkA (e.g., the subscriber system 410A′). Alternatively, if the basestation 420B failed, the subscriber systems 410B and 410B′ may use thesubscriber system 410A″ as a relay to access the base station 410A.Furthermore, due to its logical proximity to both networks, subscribe410A″ could be utilized as a relay between subscribers of network A andsubscribers of network B. This is similar to the operations describedpreviously with respect to buffer 210D of FIG. 2, where subscriberswithin a network may be configured to act as a relay for communicationsby other subscribers within the network.

Referring to FIG. 5, a flow chart 500 is shown to describe how asubscriber may respond to congestion. Generally, the operations in flowchart 500 may used by the systems and operations described previously inFIGS. 1-4. For example, a subscriber system 100 participating in awireless network by acting as a relay as shown in FIG. 3A may use flowchart 500 in processing a file request from the subscriber system servedby the relay.

Initially, the network/node experiences congestion or otherwise requiresre-configuration (step 510), and determines a response to the existingor anticipated congestion. The node may detect existing or anticipatedcongestion in several manners. For instance, a wireless controller maydetermine that the transmission channel is unavailable (e.g., because ofnoise, interference, or lack of channel capacity). Alternatively, thenode may receive a scheduling message indicating that the node needs toreduce bandwidth consumption, presently or in the future, or the nodemay detect periodic or otherwise predictable network usage patterns.

In any event, in response to such a condition, the node determineswhether to delay the communication (step 520). If so, the communicationsmay be delayed. This may be an automatic response, similar to CSMA/CD,which is typically the case if there is unexpected burst traffic.However, in the case of sustained or predicted/predictable futurecongestion which results in a contention for bandwidth, a more rigorousresponse may be required.

When the communications cannot be delayed, the node may interface withthe wireless network to determine whether bandwidth can be acquiredthrough negotiation (step 540). For example, the node may request alarger time block in which to transmit. Other nodes may react toaccommodate such a request or they may respond with information to allowthe requesting node to redirect their communication to a more availablenetwork. If bandwidth can be acquired through negotiation, thesubscriber system negotiates for bandwidth (step 550). For example, asubscriber system may relinquish some allocated bandwidth so that aneighboring subscriber system may receive a video-on-demand stream. As athird option, the node may attempt to redirect the communicationsthrough a different network (step 555). For example, the node maydetermine whether the antenna can be adjusted to participate in adifferent network. If another wireless network exists that providesaccess to a network with better conditions, the node may stopparticipating in the one network and elect to join the other network(step 560). Redirecting the subscriber system may include identifying aparticular subscriber system as the source of congestion or transmissiondifficulties, and purposefully redirecting that subscriber system, orconversely, purposefully maintaining that identified subscriber systemwithin the network and redirecting one or more other subscriber systemsthat are not the source of the congestion.

In one example, the node may interface with the wireless base stationcontroller to determine whether a better or more available networkexists. The wireless base station controller may access a state tabledescribing conditions for several networks so as to provide the nodewith information regarding the appropriate/optimal network or node toaccess. The wireless base station controller may incorporate ageographic database to provide more accurate network information. Forexample, the wireless base station controller may access a geo-locationdatabase that correlates billing addresses with positioning informationto determine which base station lobes are accessible.

If none of the operations can be performed, the transmission may becancelled (step 570). For example, a subscriber system may be instructedthat a video-on-demand transmission may not be supported based on thestate of the network. If a corrective action has been performed, thesubscriber system may determine if there is still congestion in thewireless network (step 580). If so, the transmission may be resumed(step 590). If not, the subscriber system revisits the operationsdescribed previously to determine if the congestion may be reduced.

Although the operations in FIG. 5 are shown in a sequential flow chart,one or more of the operations may be performed in parallel or in adifferent order. For example, as a communication is being considered, asubscriber system may initially determine if the communications may beredirected through a different wireless network. If the communicationsmay not be redirected, the subscriber system then may act in parallel todetermine if the communications may be delayed and also if the bandwidthmay be secured through negotiation.

The wireless base station controller also may incorporate informationabout one or more other subscriber systems that may be used as relays.Although the term base station controller is used to describe the systemthat accesses network information for one or more subscriber(s),implementations of the wireless base station controller may includeprograms running on other subscriber systems to determine whether thesubscriber system should act as a relay.

Furthermore, either of a base station or a master node (e.g., a systemor program that manages multiple base stations) may reduce thetransmission window for users to accommodate an increased number ofusers.

Although access to a central controller is described, the subscribersystem may determine for itself the availability of one or more otherwireless networks to access. For example, the subscriber system mayadjust its lobes to probe the state of other networks and devicesaccessible to the repeating system.

Referring to FIG. 6, a flow chart 600 illustrates how a wireless networkmay be operated. More particularly, flow chart 600 describes how newevents may be accommodated based on the current state of the wirelessnetwork. Generally, the operations described in flow chart 600 may beperformed on the systems described previously in FIGS. 1-4.

Initially, the present state of a network is determined (step 605).Determining the present state of the network includes determining one ormore values describing how the wireless network is operating. The valuesthat are determined may include, but are not limited to, bandwidthcriteria (e.g., overall capacity, utilization), environmental conditions(e.g., weather and transmission medium parameters), traffic information(e.g., priority), and/or subscriber information (e.g., location,priority). An example may include the wireless network detecting thatthe quality of wireless links is degrading, for example, due to arainstorm.

The wireless network determines that a new event or state change for thewireless network has occurred or will be occurring (step 610). Forexample, a new subscriber system may be requesting to join a newtime-sensitive VOD stream may be requested, or the environmentalconditions may have changed. Parameters for the new event are determined(step 615). For example, the file size or transmission requirementsrequested by a subscriber system may be determined.

With the present state and the requirements for a new event determined,the wireless network determines the relationship between the presentstate and the requirements (step 620), specifically, whether the presentstate support the new event (step 625). If so, the wireless networkprocesses the new event (step 630). Thus, the user may be added or theproposed traffic may be transmitted. If the present state cannot supportthe new event, the wireless network determines if the new event can bedelayed (step 635). If so, the new event is delayed (step 640). If not,the wireless network determines if the subscriber system can interfacewith the wireless network to accommodate the new event (step 645). Forexample, the subscriber system may determine if the channel capacity canbe increased for a user requesting a video stream without adverselyaffecting other communications or with an acceptable level of affect onother communications. If so, the subscriber system may interface withwireless network to accommodate the new event (step 650). Thus, thechannel allocation scheme may be readjusted. If not, the wirelessnetwork may poll other networks to see if other wireless networks canaccommodate the new event.

Alternatively, the other networks can be polled to see if existingnetwork requirements could be transferred to the other wireless networks(e.g., lobes) (step 655). Specifically, the present state of the othernetwork is determined (step 660). The present state of the otherwireless network may include a subscriber count, a network utilization,an indication of the reserved/committed bandwidth, and/or the ability ofthe other wireless network to support additional subscribers. Forexample, if the other wireless network has subscriber systems located ata great distance from other subscriber systems, relative to theunderlying wireless network format (e.g., 802.11(b)), the state of theother wireless network may describe the state of the other network toaccommodate adding a new subscriber system at the location of the newsubscriber system. If the other wireless networks can accommodate thenew event, either by directly supporting the new event or transferringother requirements from the present wireless network to the otherwireless network, the wireless network may be reconfigured toaccommodate the new event by interfacing with the other wireless network(step 670). Interfacing with the other wireless network may includeidentifying a subscriber system to be transferred, instructing theidentified subscriber system to join the other wireless network, andexchanging configuration information with the wireless network so thatthe identified subscriber may join the other wireless network. Forexample, a first lobe pool may be experiencing congestion. The basestation supporting the first lobe pool may determine that although afirst subscriber system is the source of the congestion, a secondsubscriber system should disconnect from the first lobe pool and join asecond lobe pool. The base station may send the second subscriber systema message directing the second subscriber system to disconnect from thefirst lobe pool and providing configuration information (e.g., antennaorientation information) so that the second subscriber system may jointhe second lobe pool.

Depending on the wireless network and the operating environment, thewireless network then may activate an antenna to create the second lobepool, or the wireless network may reorient an existing second lobe poolto better support the second subscriber system. For example, the antennasupporting the second lobe pool may be “steered” so that the lobe of theantenna enables communications with the second subscriber system. Ifnot, the wireless network interfaces with the new event, for example,the requesting subscriber system indicating that the new event cannot bepresently supported (step 675).

Alternatively, if there is no automated source for the new event, suchas in the case of a rainstorm that interrupts wireless networkoperations, the wireless network may reconfigure its operations so thatthe wireless network may be operated in a limited capacity.

The operations described in FIG. 6 may be performed in a central ordistributed fashion. For example, a management station may receivemessages from the wireless base station and/or subscriber systems andgenerate a reconfiguration message in response to these systems thatgoverns their behavior and operation. Alternatively, each participatingnode (e.g., subscriber system and base station) may determine for itselfa configuration based on its own assessment of the wireless network.Finally, a hybrid approach may be used, such that a portion of theconfiguration is centrally determined, but a participating node may beallowed to determine its own operating configuration within a rangespecified by the central node.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart 700 that shows how a subscriber may participatein a wireless network. Generally, the operations described in flow chart700 relate to the systems and operations described previously withrespect to FIGS. 1-6. However, flow chart 700 indicates how a subscribersystem, hereinafter referred to as a recipient subscriber, may act as agateway or a controller for other subscriber systems requesting toaccess other networks through the recipient subscriber.

Initially, the recipient subscriber receives the present state of thenetwork (step 710). The recipient subscriber may receive a request toalter the present state of the network (step 720). For example, a newsubscriber may request to use the recipient subscriber as a relay. It isdetermined whether the network can support the request (step 730). Therecipient subscriber may determine if the relay path has adequatebandwidth to support the new subscriber. If so, the recipient subscriberindicates that the changes to support the request can be supported (step740). If not, the recipient subscriber communicates an indicator ofbandwidth competition to the transmitting subscriber (step 745). Therecipient subscriber explores whether potential changes in lobeorientation or channel configuration would support the request (step750). Thus, reducing allocated bandwidth may be explored. The state ofthe network under the new orientation/configuration is then determined(step 760), and the recipient subscriber determines whether the neworientation can support the request (step 770). If the new configurationcan accommodate the request, the recipient subscriber interfaces withthe wireless network to make such a change (step 780). If not, therecipient subscriber indicates that the recipient subscriber cannotsupport the new request.

A more detailed example of the operations described in FIG. 7illustrates how a request for a video streaming event may be supported.Initially, a first subscriber system may be participating in a wirelessnetwork and exchanging status information with other subscriber systemsand a base station (step 710). The present state of the network may bemaintained in a state table residing on the first subscriber system (inaddition to other state tables maintained on the other subscribersystems and the other base stations). The first subscriber systemreceives a request to act as a relay for a second subscriber system insupporting a video streaming event (step 720). The first subscribersystem uses the state table to determine if the first subscriber systemmay act as a relay to support the second subscriber system (step 730).If the first subscriber system can support the streaming event, thefirst subscriber system indicates that the first subscriber system maysupport the second subscriber system (step 740). This may includesending messages to the second subscriber system and/or other subscribersystems indicating that the first subscriber system will act as a relayfor the second subscriber system.

If the first subscriber system cannot support the second subscribersystem, the first subscriber system indicates that the request cannot besupported and indicates the priority of the present requirements leadingto the conflict (step 745). This may include a message indicating thatthe ambient traffic precludes the video event from being supported. Thefirst subscriber system may analyze its state table to determine anotherlobe pool accessible to the second subscriber system that may supportthe video streaming event (step 750). The first subscriber system maysimultaneously determine the state of the network corresponding to apotential or new lobe configuration (step 760). If the other networksindicate that the video streaming event can be supported (step 770), thefirst subscriber system may interface with the base station to transferthe second subscriber system to the new lobe pool (step 780). If the newlobe pool cannot support the second subscriber system, the firstsubscriber system may indicate to the second subscriber system that thevideo streaming event cannot be supported.

Although FIG. 7 shows a sequential sequence of operations, theoperations shown in FIG. 7 may be performed in an alternate sequenceand/or in parallel. For example, although determining whether thepresent state of the network will support the request is shown asoccurring before determining whether other networks can accommodate thenetwork request, other configurations may consider the present state ofthe network as the state of other networks is being considered. Althoughthe present state of the network may indicate the present state of thenetwork cannot support the present request, if the other networks areoperating at even higher utilizations, the relative degree of congestionmay determine whether the present state of the network can support therequest. Although the wireless network may not be operating in adesirable range, performance may be acceptable relative to otherwireless networks.

Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. Forexample, although some operations have been described with respect to abase station or a subscriber system, a subscriber system may beconfigured to act as a base station. Thus, a subscriber system maysupport multiple other subscriber systems that use the subscriber systemoperating as a base station as a gateway. In another example, asubscriber system may be operating base station software running on aconsumer appliance in a user's residence or place of business. Theupdate period may be determined by the user's activity. If the user'sdevice is not busy, the subscriber system may participate in morefrequent updates. When the user's device is busy, the subscriber systemmay update the state of the network and/or other subscriber systems lessfrequently.

1-42. (canceled)
 43. A method comprising: detecting a state of a firstwireless network, the first wireless network including a first basestation and one or more subscriber systems; based on the detected stateof the first wireless network, determining whether to reconfigure aparticular one of the subscriber systems of the first wireless networkto enable access by the particular subscriber system to a secondwireless network, the second wireless network including a second basestation that differs from the first base station; and responsive to adetermination to reconfigure the particular subscriber system to enableaccess by the particular subscriber system to the second wirelessnetwork, adjusting an antenna of the particular subscriber system toenable the particular subscriber system to participate in the secondwireless network.
 44. The method of claim 43 wherein adjusting theantenna of the particular subscriber system to enable the particularsubscriber system to participate in the second wireless network includeselectrically tuning the antenna of the particular subscriber system toenable the particular subscriber system to participate in the secondwireless network.
 45. The method of claim 44 wherein electrically tuningthe antenna of the particular subscriber system to enable the particularsubscriber system to participate in the second wireless network includesmodifying a directional gain of the antenna of the particular subscribersystem to enable the particular subscriber system to participate in thesecond wireless network.
 46. The method of claim 45 wherein modifyingthe directional gain of the antenna of the particular subscriber systemto enable the particular subscriber system to participate in the secondwireless network includes altering a phase of the antenna of theparticular subscriber system.
 47. The method of claim 43 whereinadjusting the antenna of the particular subscriber system to enable theparticular subscriber system to participate in the second wirelessnetwork includes mechanically tuning the antenna of the particularsubscriber system to enable the particular subscriber system toparticipate in the second wireless network.
 48. The method of claim 47wherein: the particular subscriber system includes a motor that isconfigured to enable a physical direction of the antenna of theparticular subscriber system to be changed; and mechanically tuning theantenna of the particular subscriber system to enable the particularsubscriber system to participate in the second wireless network includesusing the motor to change the physical direction of the antenna of theparticular subscriber system to enable the particular subscriber systemto participate in the second wireless network.
 49. The method of claim43 wherein: determining whether to reconfigure the particular subscribersystem to enable access by the particular subscriber system to thesecond wireless network includes determining whether to remove theparticular subscriber system from the first wireless network andreconfigure the particular subscriber system to enable access by theparticular subscriber system to the second wireless network; andadjusting the antenna of the particular subscriber system to enable theparticular subscriber system to participate in the second wirelessnetwork includes adjusting the antenna of the particular subscribersystem to: remove the particular subscriber system from the firstwireless network, and enable the particular subscriber system toparticipate in the second wireless network.
 50. The method of claim 43further comprising, after adjusting the antenna of the particularsubscriber system to enable the particular subscriber system toparticipate in the second wireless network, exchanging at least onecommunication between the particular subscriber system and the secondbase station.
 51. The method of claim 50 wherein adjusting the antennaof the particular subscriber system to enable the particular subscribersystem to participate in the second wireless network includes adjustingthe antenna of the particular subscriber system such that a lobe of theantenna of the particular subscriber system includes at least the secondbase station.
 52. The method of claim 43 wherein: the second wirelessnetwork includes one or more additional subscriber systems; and themethod further comprises: after adjusting the antenna of the particularsubscriber system to enable the particular subscriber system toparticipate in the second wireless network, exchanging at least onecommunication between the particular subscriber system and one of theadditional subscriber systems of the second wireless network.
 53. Themethod of claim 52 wherein adjusting the antenna of the particularsubscriber system to enable the particular subscriber system toparticipate in the second wireless network includes adjusting theantenna of the particular subscriber system such that a lobe of theantenna of the particular subscriber system includes at least the oneadditional subscriber system of the second wireless network.
 54. Themethod of claim 43 wherein: detecting a state of the first wirelessnetwork includes using the first base station to detect a state of thefirst wireless network; determining whether to reconfigure a particularone of the subscriber systems of the first wireless network to enableaccess by the particular subscriber system to a second wireless networkincludes using the first base station to determine whether to add aparticular one of the subscriber systems of the first wireless networkto a second wireless network; and adjusting an antenna of the particularsubscriber system to enable the particular subscriber system toparticipate in the second wireless network includes transmitting aninstruction from the first base station to the particular subscribersystem instructing the particular subscriber system to adjust an antennaof the particular subscriber system to enable the particular subscribersystem to participate in the second wireless network.
 55. The method ofclaim 43 wherein: detecting a state of the first wireless networkincludes receiving, at the particular subscriber system, an indicationof the state of the first wireless network from the first base station;and determining whether to reconfigure a particular one of thesubscriber systems of the first wireless network to enable access by theparticular subscriber system to a second wireless network includesdetermining, at the particular subscriber system, whether to reconfigurethe particular subscriber system to enable access by the particularsubscriber system to the second wireless network.
 56. The method ofclaim 43 wherein adjusting an antenna of the particular subscribersystem to enable the particular subscriber system to participate in thesecond wireless network includes: receiving, at the particularsubscriber system, an instruction from the first base station to adjustthe antenna of the particular subscriber system to enable the particularsubscriber system to participate in the second wireless network; and inresponse to receiving the instruction from the first base station toadjust the antenna of the particular subscriber system to enable theparticular subscriber system to participate in the second wirelessnetwork, adjusting the antenna of the particular subscriber system toenable the particular subscriber system to participate in the secondwireless network.
 57. The method of claim 43 wherein determining whetherto reconfigure a particular one of the subscriber systems of the firstwireless network to enable access by the particular subscriber system toa second wireless network includes: adjusting the antenna of theparticular subscriber system and probing one or more other wirelessnetworks to determine a status of each of the one or more other wirelessnetworks, the one or more other wireless networks including the secondwireless network; and determining whether to reconfigure the particularsubscriber system to enable access by the particular subscriber systemto the second wireless network based on status of the one or more otherwireless networks determined by probing the one or more other wirelessnetworks with the antenna.
 58. The method of claim 43 wherein: detectinga state of the first wireless network includes detecting that theparticular subscriber system and another subscriber system of the firstwireless network may interfere with each other if both the particularsubscriber system and the other subscriber system of the first wirelessnetwork are participating in the first wireless network; and determiningwhether to reconfigure the particular subscriber system to enable accessby the particular subscriber system to the second wireless networkincludes determining to reconfigure the particular subscriber system toenable access by the particular subscriber system to the second wirelessnetwork based on detecting that the particular subscriber system and theother subscriber system of the first wireless network may interfere witheach other if both the particular subscriber system and the othersubscriber system of the first wireless network are participating in thefirst wireless network.
 59. The method of claim 43 wherein: detecting astate of a first wireless network includes detecting a congestion levelof the first wireless network; and determining whether to reconfigurethe particular subscriber system to enable access by the particularsubscriber system to the second wireless network includes determining toreconfigure the particular subscriber system to enable access by theparticular subscriber system to the second wireless network based on thedetected congestion level of the first wireless network.
 60. The methodof claim 59 wherein: detecting a congestion level of the first wirelessnetwork includes detecting that the congestion level of the firstwireless network is degrading performance of the first wireless networkrelative to the particular subscriber system; and determining toreconfigure the particular subscriber system to enable access by theparticular subscriber system to the second wireless network based on thedetected congestion level of the first wireless network includesdetermining to reconfigure the particular subscriber system to theenable access by the particular subscriber system to the second wirelessnetwork based on detecting that the congestion level of the firstwireless network is degrading performance of the first wireless networkrelative to the particular subscriber system.
 61. The method of claim 60wherein: detecting that the congestion level of the first wirelessnetwork is degrading performance of the first wireless network relativeto the particular subscriber system includes detecting that theparticular subscriber system is a source of the congestion on the firstwireless network; and determining to reconfigure the particularsubscriber system to enable access by the particular subscriber systemto the second wireless network based on detecting that the congestionlevel of the first wireless network is degrading performance of thefirst wireless network relative to the particular subscriber systemincludes determining to reconfigure the particular subscriber system toenable access by the particular subscriber system to the second wirelessnetwork based on detecting that the particular subscriber system is asource of the congestion on the first wireless network.
 62. The methodof claim 43 wherein: detecting a state of a first wireless networkincludes anticipating an increased congestion level of the firstwireless network; and determining whether to reconfigure the particularsubscriber system to enable access by the particular subscriber systemto the second wireless network includes determining to reconfigure theparticular subscriber system to enable access by the particularsubscriber system to the second wireless network based on anticipatingthe increased congestion level of the first wireless network.
 63. Themethod of claim 62 wherein anticipating an increased congestion level ofthe first wireless network includes, receiving at the particularsubscriber system, an indication from the first base station that anamount of bandwidth in the first wireless network previously allocatedto the particular subscriber system is going to be decreased.
 64. Themethod of claim 62 further comprising detecting predictable usagepatterns of the first wireless network, wherein anticipating anincreased congestion level of the first wireless network includesanticipating an increased congestion level of the first wireless networkbased on the previously detected predictable usage patterns of the firstwireless network.
 65. The method of claim 62 further comprisingdetecting periodic usage patterns of the first wireless network, whereinanticipating an increased congestion level of the first wireless networkincludes anticipating an increased congestion level of the firstwireless network based on the previously detected periodic usagepatterns of the first wireless network.
 66. The method of claim 43further comprising detecting a state of the second wireless network,wherein determining whether to reconfigure the particular subscribersystem to enable access by the particular subscriber system to thesecond wireless network includes: based on the detected state of thefirst wireless network and the detected state of the second wirelessnetwork, determining that the second wireless network is capable ofproviding the particular subscriber system with better service than thefirst wireless network; and determining to reconfigure the particularsubscriber system to enable access by the particular subscriber systemto the second wireless network based on determining that the secondwireless network is capable of providing the particular subscribersystem with better service than the first wireless network.
 67. Themethod of claim 43 wherein: detecting a state of the first wirelessnetwork includes detecting that atmospheric conditions associated withthe first wireless network are degrading performance of the firstwireless network relative to the particular subscriber system; anddetermining whether to reconfigure the particular subscriber system toenable access by the particular subscriber system to the second wirelessnetwork includes determining to reconfigure the particular subscribersystem to enable access by the particular subscriber system to thesecond wireless network based on detecting that the atmosphericconditions associated with the first wireless network are degradingperformance of the first wireless network relative to the particularsubscriber system.
 68. The method of claim 43 wherein: detecting a stateof the first wireless network includes detecting that weather conditionsassociated with the first wireless network are degrading performance ofthe first wireless network relative to the particular subscriber system;and determining whether to reconfigure the particular subscriber systemto enable access by the particular subscriber system to the secondwireless network includes determining to reconfigure the particularsubscriber system to enable access by the particular subscriber systemto the second wireless network based on detecting that the weatherconditions associated with the first wireless network are degradingperformance of the first wireless network relative to the particularsubscriber system.
 69. The method of claim 43 wherein: detecting a stateof the first wireless network includes detecting a failure of the firstwireless network; and determining whether to reconfigure the particularsubscriber system to enable access by the particular subscriber systemto the second wireless network includes determining to reconfigure theparticular subscriber system to enable access by the particularsubscriber system to the second wireless network based on detecting thefailure of the first wireless network.
 70. The method of claim 43further comprising accessing a state table that includes informationregarding states of one or more additional wireless networks, the one ormore additional wireless networks including the second wireless network,wherein determining whether to reconfigure the particular subscribersystem to enable access by the particular subscriber system to thesecond wireless network includes determining to reconfigure theparticular subscriber system to enable access by the particularsubscriber system to the second wireless network based on informationregarding the second wireless network accessed from the state table inaddition to the detected state of the first wireless network.
 71. Themethod of claim 70 wherein the state table resides on the first basestation such that accessing the state table includes accessing the statetable on the first base station.
 72. The method of claim 70 wherein thestate table resides on the particular subscriber system such thataccessing the state table includes accessing the state table on theparticular subscriber system.
 73. The method of claim 43 wherein: theparticular subscriber system includes at least two antennas; andadjusting an antenna of the particular subscriber system to enable theparticular subscriber system to participate in the second wirelessnetwork includes adjusting at least one of the at least two antennas ofthe particular subscriber system to enable the particular subscribersystem to participate in the second wireless network while leaving atleast another one of the at least two antennas of the particularsubscriber system unchanged.
 74. A wireless subscriber system forparticipating in one or more wireless networks, the wireless subscribersystem comprising: an antenna configured to enable wirelesscommunications with one or more base stations and one or more othersubscriber systems; and a controller configured to: detect a state of afirst wireless network in which the wireless subscriber system isparticipating, the first wireless network including a first base stationand one or more subscriber systems; determine, based on the detectedstate of the first wireless network, whether to join the wirelesssubscriber system to a second wireless network, the second wirelessnetwork including a second base station; and adjust, responsive to adetermination to add the wireless subscriber system to the secondwireless network, an antenna of the wireless subscriber system to enablethe wireless subscriber system to participate in the second wirelessnetwork.
 75. The wireless subscriber system of claim 74 wherein: theantenna is configured for electrical tuning; and the controller isconfigured to adjust the antenna to enable the wireless subscribersystem to participate in the second wireless network by electricallytuning the antenna to enable the wireless subscriber system toparticipate in the second wireless network.
 76. The wireless subscribersystem of claim 74 wherein: the antenna is configured for mechanicaltuning; and the controller is configured to adjust the antenna to enablethe wireless subscriber system to participate in the second wirelessnetwork by mechanically tuning the antenna to enable the wirelesssubscriber system to participate in the second wireless network.
 77. Thewireless subscriber system of claim 76 further comprising a motor thatis configured to enable a physical direction of the antenna of theparticular subscriber system to be changed, wherein the controller isconfigured to mechanically tune the antenna to enable the wirelesssubscriber system to participate in the second wireless network bycausing the motor to change the physical direction of the antenna toenable the wireless subscriber system to participate in the secondwireless network.
 78. The wireless subscriber system of claim 74wherein: the antenna is configured to receive an indication of the stateof the first wireless network from the first base station; and thecontroller is configured to determine whether to join the wirelesssubscriber system to the second wireless network based on the indicationof the state of the first wireless network received from the first basestation.
 79. The wireless subscriber system of claim 74 wherein: theantenna is configured to receive an instruction from the first basestation to join the wireless subscriber system to the second wirelessnetwork; and the controller is configured to adjust the antenna toenable the wireless subscriber system to participate in the secondwireless network in response to the instruction received from the firstbase station to join the wireless subscriber system to the secondwireless network.
 80. The wireless subscriber system of claim 74 whereinthe controller is further configured to: adjust the antenna to probe oneor more other wireless networks to determine a status of each of the oneor more other wireless networks, the one or more other wireless networksincluding the second wireless network; and determine whether to add thewireless subscriber system to the second wireless network based onstatus of the one or more other wireless networks that were determinedby probing the one or more other wireless networks with the antenna. 81.The wireless subscriber system of claim 74 wherein the controller isfurther configured to: detect that a congestion level of the firstwireless network is degrading performance of the first wireless networkrelative to the wireless subscriber system; and determine to join thewireless subscriber system to the second wireless network based ondetecting that the congestion level of the first wireless network isdegrading performance of the first wireless network relative to thewireless subscriber system.
 82. The wireless subscriber system of claim74 wherein the controller is further configured to: detect a failure ofthe first wireless network; and determine to add the wireless subscribersystem to the second wireless network based on detecting the failure ofthe first wireless network.
 83. The wireless subscriber system of claim78 further comprising a state table that includes information related toother devices participating in the first wireless network, wherein thecontroller is configured to detect a state of the first wireless networkby accessing the information related to the other devices participatingin the first wireless network from the state table.
 84. A methodcomprising: enabling communications in a wireless network between a basestation in the wireless network and an existing subscriber system in thewireless network; receiving a request for a new subscriber system tojoin the wireless network; and in response to receiving the request forthe new subscriber system to join the wireless network, adjusting anantenna of the existing subscriber system to enable the existingsubscriber system to function as a relay between the new subscribersystem and the base station.
 85. The method of claim 84 furthercomprising: detecting a state of the wireless network; and in responseto receiving the request for the new subscriber system to join thewireless network, determining that the wireless network is capable ofsupporting the new subscriber system based on the detected state of thewireless network, wherein adjusting the antenna of the existingsubscriber system to enable the existing subscriber system to functionas a relay between the new subscriber system and the base stationincludes adjusting the antenna of the existing subscriber system toenable the existing subscriber system to function as a relay between thenew subscriber system and the base station based on the determinationthat the wireless network is capable of supporting the new subscribersystem.
 86. The method of claim 85 wherein determining that the wirelessnetwork is capable of supporting the new subscriber system based on thedetected state of the wireless network comprises determining thatsufficient bandwidth is available from the wireless network to supportthe new subscriber system.
 87. The method of claim 85 wherein: receivinga request for a new subscriber system to join the wireless networkincludes receiving the request for the new subscriber system to join thewireless network at the base station; and adjusting an antenna of theexisting subscriber system to enable the existing subscriber system tofunction as a relay between the new subscriber system and the basestation includes transmitting an instruction from the base station tothe existing subscriber system instructing the existing subscribersystem to adjust an antenna of the existing subscriber system to enablethe existing subscriber system to function as a relay between the newsubscriber system and the base station.
 88. The method of claim 85wherein receiving a request for a new subscriber system to join thewireless network includes receiving the request for the new subscribersystem to join the wireless network at the existing subscriber system.89. The method of claim 84 further comprising: after adjusting anantenna of the existing subscriber system to enable the existingsubscriber system to function as a relay between the new subscribersystem and the base station, receiving a communication from the newsubscriber system; and relaying the communication received from the newsubscriber system to the base station.
 90. The method of claim 84wherein: the existing subscriber system includes at last a first antennaand a second antenna, wherein the first antenna is used to enablecommunications between the existing subscriber system and the basestation; and adjusting an antenna of the existing subscriber system toenable the existing subscriber system to function as a relay between thenew subscriber system and the base station includes adjusting the secondantenna to enable communications between the existing subscriber systemand the new subscriber system.
 91. A wireless subscriber system forparticipating in a wireless network, the wireless subscriber systemcomprising: an antenna at the wireless subscriber system configured toenable the wireless subscriber system to communicate wirelessly with oneor more other devices in a wireless network; and a controller configuredto adjust the antenna to enable the wireless subscriber system tofunction as a relay between a base station in the wireless network and anew subscriber system.
 92. The wireless subscriber system of claim 91wherein: the antenna is configured to receive a request from the newsubscriber system to join the wireless network; and the controller isconfigured to adjust the antenna to enable the wireless subscribersystem to function as a relay between the base station and the newsubscriber system in response to the request received from the newsubscriber system to join the wireless network.
 93. The wirelesssubscriber system of claim 91 wherein the controller is furtherconfigured to: detect a state of the wireless network; determine thatthe wireless network is capable of supporting the new subscriber systembased on the detected state of the wireless network; and adjust theantenna to enable the wireless subscriber system to function as a relaybetween the base station and the new subscriber system based on thedetermination that the wireless network is capable of supporting the newsubscriber system.
 94. The wireless subscriber system of claim 91further comprising: a buffer configured to temporarily storecommunications received from the new subscriber system before relayingthe communications received from the new subscriber system to the basestation; and a different antenna at the wireless subscriber system thatis configured to enable communications between the wireless subscribersystem and the base station, wherein: after being adjusted to enable theexisting subscriber system to function as a relay between the basestation and the new subscriber system, the antenna is configured toreceive communications from the new subscriber system, and thecontroller is further configured to: cause at least some communicationsreceived by the antenna from the new subscriber system to be temporarilystored in the buffer, and cause the at least some communications storedin the buffer to be relayed to the base station using the differentantenna.